Origin and Habitat: Garden origin (Nursery produced cultivar)

• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. Hibotan f. cristata hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii f. rubra cristata hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii f. rubra cristata hort.

• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii (Frič ex Gürke) Britton & Rose
• Echinocactus mihanovichii Frič & Gürke
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. angusto-striatum Pazout
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. fleischerianum Pazout
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. melocactiforme Pazout
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. nigrum Y.Itô
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. pazoutianum Moser & Valnicek
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. piraretaense R.Blossfeld ex Pazout
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. piraretaense f. albiflora Pazout
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. robustior hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. stenostriatum Pazout
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii f. yrendague Moser

• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. filadelfiense Backeb.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. piraretaense f. filadelfiense Backeb. ex Pazout

• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. rysanekianum Pazout
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. rysanekii Pazout

• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. stenogonum Frič & Pazout
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii f. stenogona Frič
• Gymnocalycium stenogonum
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. chloristictum F.Ritter

• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. Hibotan hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii f. Rubra hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. rubrum hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. Hibotan f. cristata hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii f. rubra cristata hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii f. rubra cristata hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii cv. Nishikii hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii f. nishikii hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. nichikii hort.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. nishikii hort.

Description: Gymnocalycium mihanovichiiSN|11929]]SN|11929]] friedrichii 'rubra'or 'Hibotan' comprises a large group of popular mutants, characterized by more or less red coloured bodies. They are red (but also orange, dark purplish, yellow or even white) because they contains few chlorophyll or even no chlorophyll at all, much like the red we see in the fall foliage of trees when their chlorophyll breaks down and disappears. Without chlorophyll many of these mutants gymnocalyciums can not produce sugar and without sugar they will die. The only way to keep them alive is to graft them onto another cactus which has chlorophyll and which will provide sugar to the mutant scion. The chlorophyll containing bottom part of the graft, called the stock, can be any number of different cactus species. In the case of the gymnoclyciums it is usually Hylocereus, a tropical cactus.
Crested form: The crested form is quite uncommon in cultivation, it is a very beautiful red plant plant with undulating fan-shaped branches.
Stem: Fan-shaped, orange, red or dark-purpl.
Ribs: very prominent, and sharp banded whit strong dark brown markings especially when young, and these sometimes have cross-bands of lighter colours.
Radial spines: 3-6, acicular, to awl shaped, light to dark brown, somewhat twisted, 0,7-1 cm long.
Central spines: Usually absent.
Flowers: Pale-pink to purplish-pink, 6-7 cm long.
Fruits: Gray-green to pinkish-red up to 4 cm long, diameter 1 cm.

Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Edward Anderson “The Cactus family” Timber Press, Incorporated, 2001
2) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey "The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass" Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug/2011
3) David R Hunt; Nigel P Taylor; Graham Charles; International Cactaceae Systematics Group. "The New Cactus Lexicon" dh books, 2006
4) N. L. Britton, J. N. Rose “The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family.” Volume 4, The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington 1923
5) Curt Backeberg “Die Cactaceae: Handbuch der Kakteenkunde” Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart New York 1982–1985
6) Dmitriy Rogatskin “Controversial point” Cultivar e-magazin ISSUE 3 (25): 4 <http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N25/index-e.htm>

Cultivation and Propagation: Variegated cacti are regarded as choice and difficult in cultivation, but despite that many of them are relatively easy to grow. They are sometime seen as grafted plants, but some forms grow well on their own roots, too. On the contrary, the albinos can survive only if grafted on a strong green base.
Soil: Use mineral well-permeable substratum with little organic matter (peat, humus).
Moisture needs: Water sparingly from March till October and keep perfectly dry in winter.
Fertilization: Feed with a high potassium fertilizer in summer.
Exposure: They cannot tolerate prolonged exposure to direct sun light (especially during the hottest summer days), so grow them in half-shade or under filtered sun.
Frost Tolerance: Overwinter this plants at temperatures from 5 to 15 degrees centigrade. In general these plants are more tender than standard gymnocalyciums and cannot endure freezing temperatures. In the rest period no high atmospheric humidity!!
Propagation: Plants are often grafted onto column-shaped cacti, but the forms with some chlorophyll can be reproduced by seeds or cuttings.